This is an attractive old apple variety from Barnack, a small village in Lincolnshire (now part of Cambridgeshire). It has a sharp flavour and is best suited for cooking.
 
Apparently, Barnack Beauty did not crop particularly well on its native soil, although it has a reputation for thriving in other locations. This likely reflects the fact that, while it tolerates the chalky soil of Barnack better than other varieties, it still prefers a less alkaline soil.
 
Many thanks to Jen Birch for pointing out that Barnack was never actually part of Lincolnshire, although it is very close to the border.